UMASS/AMHERST 


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LIBRARY 


OF  THE 


MASSACHUSETTS 

AGRICULTURAL 

COLLEGE 

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No  article  of  Inunan  diet  is  more  universally  vised  and 
no  food  is  more  wholesome  and  nourishing  than  clean, 
fresh  milk  from  well-kept  cows.  Almost  every  human 
being  drinks  milk  or  eats  some  product  of  it,  such  as 
butter  and  ciieese;  consequently,  it  is  easy  to  under- 
stand why  the  dairyman  has  such  a  steady  market. 

People  nuist  have  food,  and  when  milk  and  milk  ])ro- 
ducts  are  demanded,  we  realize  why  dairying  lias  always 
been  such  an  imj^ortant  anil  profitable  business. 

With  the  invention  of  the  cream  separator,  dairying 
immediately  became  very  important  antl  ])rofitable, 
because  this  machine  effected  a  saving  in  time,  decreased 
labor,  and  skinnneil  milk  cleaner  than  any  other  ])rocess. 
It  demonstrated  the  value  of  fresh  skimmed  milk  for 
calves,  pigs,  and  chickens,  and  obtained  all  of  tlie  most 
valuable  part  of  the  milk — butter  fat. 

A  good  Cream  Separator  will  save  at  least  $5.00  to 
$15.00  per  cow  each  year  over  any  other  cream  separ- 
ating method,  and  no  man  who  milks  cows  should  be 
without  one. 

You  can  improve  your  farm  and  bank  accovmt  at  the 
same  time  by  owning  a  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester, 
described  in  detail  in  the  following  pages. 


International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

[   Incorporated] 


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rail  I 


Milk 

^Yhole  milk  is  comjiosed  of  two  principal  piirla — cream  and  skim  milk.  The 
composition  of  milk  varies  somewhat  but  the  following  can  be  taken  as  an  average 

analysis : 

Water 

Fat 

Milk  Sugar 

Proteids  — Casein 

— Alljumen ... 

— .V.sh 

When  the  whole  milk  is  set  away  in  crocks  and  ])ans,  the  force  of  gravity  causes  the 
heavy  skim  milk  to  settle  and  the  lighter  jjortion  or  cream  is  forced  to  the  top. 
The  force  of  gravity,  however,  is  not  strong  enough  to  get  all  the  cream  or  to  get 
it  quickly.  This  fact  was  realized  in  the  early  '70s  and  in  looking  about  for  a  better 
method,  scientists  discovered  that  cream  could  be  separated  from  milk  nuich  more 
(luickly  and  better  if  centrifugal  force  were  used  instead  of  gravity.     This  discovery 

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led  to  the  invention  of  the  cream  separator  which  is  now  considered  al 
necessary   to   successful   dairying. 

What  the  Cream  Separator  Has  Done 

The  annual  \alue  of  dairy  products  in  the  United  States  is  nearly  $1,000,000,000 — 
one  billion  dollars.  Twenty  years  ago  there  was  practic-xlly  no  profit,  because 
nearly  every  dairyman  was  skimming  by  hand  and  making  his  own  butter.  In 
many  sections  creameries  were  almost  unknown  and  churns  were  usually  run  by 
hand.  A  few  years  later  creameries  sprang  into  existence  and  the  dairying  industry 
began  to  be  profital)le. 

The  reasons  for  this  great  increase  is  the  modern  cream  separator.  This  practical 
machine  has  revt)lulionized  dairy  methods  and  made  it  jiossible  for  every  farmer 
to  get  the  greatest  profit  out  of  milk.  tJravity  methods  are  out  of  date.  It  has 
been  shown  that  from  iO  to  30  ])ounds  of  butter  fat  is  lost  annually  from  each  cow 
when  gravity  methods  are  used. 

An  experiment  conducted  by  Professor  O.  F.  Hunziker  at  the  I'urtlue  Unixersity 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  has  proved  the  value  of  hand  separators  over  deep 
setting,  shallow  pan,  and  water  dilution  methods.  (Bulletin  110.  Volume  XIII.) 
In  the  illustration  below  Professor  Ilunzikcr  shows  very  clearly  how  much  butter 

Butter  Lost  in  Skim  Milk  from  One  Cow  in  One  Year 


Hand  Separator 

Loss  of  Butter 

1.2  lbs. 


Deep  Settinjj 

Loss  of  Butter 

10.1  lbs. 


Shallow  Pan 

Loss  of  Butter 

26.2  lbs. 


Water  Dilution 

Loss  of  Butter 

40.5  lbs. 


Page  Two 


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is  lost  in  skim  milk  from  one  cow  in  one  year  when  a  separator  is  not  used.  He 
shows  that  the  cream  separator  saves  10  times  as  much  butter  fat  as  the  deep 
setting  method,  26  times  as  much  as  the  shallow  pan  method,  and  40  times  as 
much  as  the  water  dilution  method.  What  a  loss  and  how  easy  to  save  it!  A 
separator  prevents  such  a  loss  and  besides  it  is  a  great  time  and  labor  saver. 
This  means  money. 

In  actual  dollars  and  cents,  it  means  that  when  gravity  methods  are  used  the  jirice 
of  a  good  cream  separator  is  constantly  thrown  awajMnskim  milk.  With  butter 
selling  at  '25  cents  per  pound,  the  farmer  who  does  not  use  a  cream  separator  is 
losing  money  at  the  rate  shown  in  the  talile  below. 

Money  Lost  Each  Year  When  a  Separator  is  Not  Used 

15  10  15  20 

Method  cow  cows  cows  cows  cows 

Amount  Lost v 

Deep  setting $2.50  .$12.50  $25.00  $37.50  $50.00 

Sluillow  pan 0.50  32.50  05. 00  97.50  130.00 

Water  dilution 10.00  50.00  100.00  150.00  200.00 

At  this  rate  the  amount  of  money  lost  annually  in  skim  milk  will  pay  for  a  great 
many  separators.  Are  you  one  of  the  farmers  still  doing  without  a  separator? 
If  you  are,  you  should  decide  immediately  to  save  the  money  you  now  lo.se. 

From  the  figures  shown  in  the  -above  table,  it  is  easy  to  see  why  dairy  products 
in  the  United  States  have  reached  the  billion  dollar  mark.  Although  many  farmers 
are  using  cream  separators,  yet  hundreds  of  others  are  still  using  out-of-date 
gravity  methods  which  are  known  to  be  inferior.  You  should  not  be  one  of  them. 
When  every  farmer  in  the  United  States  adopts  the  cream  separator,  the  value 
of  dairy  products  will  ])e  several  billion  dollars  instead  of  one  billion.  It  is  certain 
that  you  can  do  what  other  farmers  are  doing  and  you  should  be  convinced  of  the 
advantages  of  owning  a  cream  separator.  Don't  let  the  price  of  the  machine 
stand  between  you  and  its  advantages  because  a  good  cream  separator  like  the 
Dairymaid  will  pay  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time,  depending  on  the  number  of 
cows  you  milk.  Besides  saving  money,  a  cream  separator  does  away  with  a  load 
of  trouble — crocks  and  jians  that  have  to  be  filled  twice  a  day  can  be  discarded  and 
old-time  drudgery  is  eliminated. 

The  Dairynuiid  is  a  common  sense  separator  nuide  to  do  jjractical  work.  It 
has  many  advantages.  Patent  milk  feeding  shaft,  non-adjustable  top  bearing, 
patent  milk  regulating  float,  large  spindles,  simple  and  accessible  gears,  milk  and 
dust  proof  gearing,  right  height  crank,  and  a  convenient  supply  can.  These 
features  have  been  approv(>d  by  thousands  of  farmers  and  dairymen  who  are 
always  ready  to  recommentl  the  Dairymaid  to  others.  The  fact  that  these  men 
approve  the  features  that  make  the  Dairymaid  efficient,  should  influence  you  to 
investigate  this  separator  and  find  out  how  it  will  increase  profits. 

You  should  not  be  without  a  cream  separator,  even  if  you  have  to  sell  one  cow 
to  get  the  machine.  It  is  far  more  profitable  to  milk  four  cows  and  separate 
the  cream  with  a  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester,  than  it  is  to  milk  five  cows  and 
do  without  it. 

Page  Three 


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Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  No.  1 

Guaranteed  capacity — 350  pounds  of  milk  per  hour 

This  machine  is  tlie  smallest  size  made.  It  is  shipped  complete  with  howl  wrench, 
oil-can  and  a  half  i^allon  of  the  best  separator  oil,  "S"  wrench,  screw-drivers, 
rubber  bowl  rings,  wire  disk  holder,  wire  milk  tube  cleaner,  bowl  and  spout  brushes 
and  a  tlirection  book  for  operating. 


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Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  No.  2 

Guaranteed  capacity — 450  pounds  of  milk  per  hour 

This  machine  is  shipped  complete  with  bowl  wrench,  oil-can  and  a  half  gallon  of  the 
best  separator  oil,  "S"  wrench,  screw-drivers,  rubber  bowl  rings,  wire  disk  holder, 
wire  milk  tube  cleaner,  bowl  and  spout  brushes  and  a  direction  book  for  operating. 


Page   F'ive 


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Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  No.  3 

Guaranteed  capacity — 650  pounds  of  milk  per  hour 

This  machine  is  shipped  complete  witli  l>owl  wrencli,  oilcan  and  a  lialf  fjallon  of 
tlie  l)est  separator  oil,  "S"  wrench,  screw-drivers,  rubber  bowl  rings,  wire  disk 
holder,  wire  milk  tube  cleaner,  bowl  and  spout  brushes  and  a  direction  book  for 
operating. 


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How  to  Select  a  Cream  Separator 

There  are  many  inferior  cream  se|)arator.s  on  llie  market  and  it  often  re<|nires 
excellent  judgment  to  distinguish  between  a  good  and  poor  macliine.  When  you 
look  at  a  cream  separator  with  the  intention  of  buying  it,  there  are  three  important 
parts  to  examine — the  bowl,  the  gears,  and  the  frame.  The  bowl  is  the  most  im- 
portant; unless  it  does  its  work  properly,  you  will  lose  money  because  it  is  in  the 
bowl  that  separation  takes  place.  You  want  a  machine  that  will  skim  close, 
one  easy  to  operate  and  clean,  and  a  machine  that  is  durable  and  safe.  If  you  buy 
a  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester,  you  cannot  go  wrcjng  because  it  possesses  all  the 
points  mentioned  and  is  made  to  give  perfect  satisfaction.  It  has  the  features  that 
a  good  cream  separator  should  have  and  will  last  for  years. 


Material  and  Durability 

The  material  used  in  the  Dairynuiid  Cream  Harvester  is  the  very  best  that  can  be 
obtained.  While  it  is  not  claimed  that  lietter  material  is  used  than  in  some  cream 
separators,  yet  a  little  more  of  it  is  used  and  this  is  one  feature  which  makes  the 
Dairymaid  stronger  and  better  than  any  other  cream  separator.  The  top  of  the 
l>()wl  is  brass — not  ordinary  brass  such  as  is  used  for  many  separators  but  lirass 
made  according  to  a  special  chemical  formula.  This  brass  insures  greater  durability. 
The  Dairymaid  tubular  bearings  are  made  from  a  special  bronze  mixture.  Disks 
are  made  from  No.  24  gauge  crucible  steel  and  are  strong  enough  to  stand  a  very 
heavy  strain.  That  the  Dairymaid  Cream  ^ar^•esters  are  durable  is  shown  by  the 
following: 

A  True  Test  of  a  Separator 

From  March  7,  1909  to  the  same  date  in  1910,  a  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester 
was  run  at  the  factory  ten  hours  per  day  e\'ery  working  day.  In  all  that  tune  there 
was  no  perceptible  wear.  This  brings  out  the  fact  that  if  the  machine  will  run 
ten  hours  a  day  every  working  day  in  the  year  without  perceptible  wear,  it  certainly 
is  durable  enough  for  farm  work.  In  this  test  the  wear  of  the  sjundle  and  worm 
was  only  .0035  of  an  inch.  On  the  basis  of  the  machine  running  ten  hours  a  day 
for  360  days  in  the  year,  the  time  would  equal  3600  hours  annually.  It  is  estimated 
that  the  average  farmer  spends  half  an  lunu-  per  day  separating  milk.  This  would 
mean  3J  2  hours  per  week  for  52  weeks  in  the  year,  which  equals  182  hours.  3600 
divided  by  182  equals  19  or  about  20  years  that  the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester 
will  last  any  farmer  if  he  uses  it  half  an  hour  per  day  and  cares  for  it  properly— 
keeps  it  clean  and  well  oiled. 

Page  Eight 


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IB!l!lil3C!i 


HoviT  Centrifugal  Force  acts  in 
a  Cream  Separator  Bowl 


Centrifugal  force  is  siniijly  gravity  intensified 
in  a  iiorizontal  direction  by  an  artificial  device. 
Tlic  action  of  tliis  force  can  readily  be  under- 
stood by  si)inning  a  pail  jjartially  filled  with 
milk  or  some  other  lii|uid.  As  the  j)ail  is  spun 
the  Iir|uid  climbs  np  the  sides  and  sinks  in  the 
center.  The  force  which  causes  a  li(|uid  to 
climb  the  sides  of  the  pail  is  centrifugal  force. 
In  a  cream  separator  bowl,  centrifugal  force 
is  exerted  to  a  very  high  degree.  When  a 
separator  bowl  is  revolved  at  full  speed,  a 
pressure  of  several  hundred  pounds  to  the 
square  inch  is  exerted.  This  great  pressure 
is  enough  to  burst  an  ordinary  bowl;  hence, 
it  is  easy  to  comiirehcnd  why  so  much  care 
is  taken  to  make  a  cream  separator  bowl  strong.  An  example  of  the  great  amount 
of  centrifugal  force  exerted  in  the  Dairymaid  bowl  is  shown  by  the  following: 
When  the  crank  is  turned  00  times  to  the  minute  the  bowl  makes  88-23  revolu- 
tions, that  is,  every  time  the  crank  is  revolved  the  bowl  turns  147  times.  This 
illustrates  the  great  amount  of  centrifugal  force 
generated  in  the  Dairymaid  bowl — the  speed  of  the 
bowl  is  increased  without  luniiig  to  turn  the  handle 
rapidly. 


A  plan  view  of  the  Dain'maid  bowl  showing 
how  centrifutral  force  acts.  The  heavy  sliim 
millv  Eroes  to  the  outside  and  the  liffht 
cream  seeks  the  center. 


The  Dairymaid  is  not  a  Hollow  Bowl 

The  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  not  a  hollow 
bowl  separator  because  there  are  three  serious 
objections  against  the  hollow  bowl.  The  principal 
objection  is  that  there  is  nothing  to  prevent  inter- 
mingling of  incoming  new  milk  and  milk  already 
separated  consequently  scijaration  cainiot  be  as 
complete  as  when  an  interior  contrivance  is  used. 
Another  objection  is  that  it  takes  a  long  time  for 
milk  to  acciuire  the  speed  of  the  bowl  and  capacity 
is  limited  because  milk  is  not  separated  as  rapidly 
as  when  disks  are  used.  A  third  objection  is  the 
high  speed  at  which  hollow  bowls  are  required  to 
run.  A  hollow  bowl  will  not  skim  as  well  as  a  bowl 
which  contains  disks  and  that  is  the  reason  why  an 
interior  device  is  placed  in  the  Dairymaid  which 
overcomes  the  limited  ca])acity  of  hollow  bowl 
construction  by  dividing  the  milk  into  layers  and 
making  separation  quicker. 


5HfM^£D   MILK 
WITH  i>?/?G^ 
P£R  CEi 

BUTTER  f 


Cross  section  of  an  ordinary  hollow 
bowl  which  will  not  skim  as  well  as 
the  Dairymaid  bowl.  Note  how  the 
currents  of  skim  milk  and  cream  milk 
intermingle. 


Page  Nine 


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Adding  disks  in  the  bowl,  increases  capacity 
witliout  decreasintr  efficiency 


Advantages  of  Disks 

Addiiifi'  disks  in  the  l)()\vl  increases  capacity 
without  ilecreasing  efficiency  because  the  milk 
is  divided  into  hiyers  and  separation  takes 
])lace  more  quickly.  For  this  reason  disk 
bowls  separate  milk  much  better  than  any 
hollow  l)(nvl  ever  invented.  It  would  l)e  mucji 
cheajjcr  to  manufacture  a  hollow  bowl  but  l)c- 
cause  disks  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Dairy- 
maid bowl  they  are  put  in. 


How  Separation  Takes  Place 


€> 


The  lower  illustration  on  this  page  shows  a  sectional  view  of  the  Dairymaid 
bowl.  For  the  sake  of  clearness,  it  is  equipped  with  only  eight  disks  but, 
of  course,  more  are  regidarly  used.  The  whole  milk  is  fed  into  the  top  of 
the  bowl  through  the  inlet  tube  "C."  This 
inlet  tube  is  the  tubular  or  milk  feeding  shaft. 
The  milk  dro])s  through  this  shaft  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  bowl  where  it  is  acted  uj)()n  by 
centiifugal  force.  This  force  throws  all  the 
imjjurities  of  the  milk  into  the  corners  of  the 
dirt  arrester  chamber  marked  "D."  This  dirt 
arrester  chamber  retains  dirt  and  impurities 
found  in  milk.  How  much  dirt  milk  contains 
is  realized  when  it  comes  time  to  wash  the  dirt 
arrester  chamber  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl. 
The  milk  being  under  the  influence  of  centri- 
fugal force  rises  in  the  channels  "A"  of  the 
wings  "B"  which  are  three  in  number.  As  the 
milk  rises  in  these  wings,  sejjaration  begins 
and  about  two-thirds  of  it  is  completed,  because 
centrifugal  force  in  these  wings  is  about  1500 
to  '2000  times  greater  than  the  force  of  gravity. 
As  the  wings  "B"  become  filled  with  milk, 
they  overflow.  The  cream  ])asses  to  the  C'en- 
ter,  while  the  ]iartially  se|)arated  milk  i>asses 
over  the  edge  of  the  wings  between  the  disks 
where  separation  is  completed.  A  great 
feature  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl  is  that  the 
disks  are  not  required  to  do  as  much  separating 
as  those  in  other  separators;  the  reason  for 
this  is  that  about  two-thirds  of  the  work  is 

done    by    a    patented    tubldar    shaft,    which    is       Cross  section  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl  showing 
f^vcliwii'/aK'     <,     n.iIi-Tni.,;,!     f,>.,t,.ve.  the  interior  device.    It  takes  25  operations  to 

exciusneij    a    JJalI.^malu   leature.  complete  this  bowl. 


Page  Ten 


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The  Dairymaid  bowl  in  section, 
showing  interior  device 


Bowl  Flange 


A  feature  of  the  Dairymaid  l)o\vl  is  a  small  flange  on  the  bottom 
which  prevents  milk  running  back  to  the  bowl  spindle  and 
thence  to  the  gears.  If  this  little  flange  were  not  on  the  bottom 
of  the  bowl,  milk  might  collect  and  run  down  the  spindle.  It 
is  a  small  feature  but  illustrates  the  care  which  is  taken  to  make 
the  Dairynuud  gears  milk-proof. 

Page  Eleven 


e??7. _, 


Bowl  Top 


HoviT  T^housands  of  Dollars 
Could  be  Saved 

The  bowl  is  the  vital  part  of  a  cream  separator,  as  the 
heart   is   the   vital   part   of   a   human   being.     If   the 
bowl  is  in  any  way  inferior,  the  whole 
machine  is  a  failure.     It  takes  about  ,,^  ^, 

2.3  complete  o])erations  to  finish  the 
Dairymaid  bowl.  In  its  construction 
at  least  two  minor  operations  could 
easily  be  df)ne  away  with  and  man- 
ufacturing cost  reduced  .$'2. 00  a  bowl. 
This  amount  saved  on  each  bowl 
wiiuld  mean  a  saving  of  thousands  of 
dollars  annually.  The  point  is  made 
to  show  that  no  o|)eration  is  slighted 
in  order  to  make  the  Dairymaid  bowl 
absolutely  perfect. 


Bowl  Construction 

The  Dairynuud  bowl  is  equipped  with 
a  tubular  shaft,  the  wings  of  which 
extend  to  a  point  midway  between  the 
center  and  edge  of  the  bowl  and  a  series 
of  heavy  tinned  sheet  steel  disks 
placed  one  above  the  other  about  1-2.5 
of  an  inch  a])art.  These  disks  divide 
the  milk,  which  passes  from  the  feed- 
ing shaft  to  the  disks,  into  thin  sheets 
or  layers  and  centrifugal  force  acts  on 
each  layer  as  a  unit.  Each  layer  divides  itself  into  a  current  of 
cream  and  skim  milk,  one  going  toward  the  outside  of  the  bowl 
and  the  other  toward  the  inside.  These  currents  cannot  re-mix, 
intermingle,  or  interfere  in  any  way  with  each  other  or  any  other 
current  because  the  disks  guide  the  currents  to  the  jjroper  out- 
lets. This  assures  maximum  efficiency  because  centrifugal  force 
is  given  an  opportunity  for  complete  action. 


fi-. 


Bowl 


ma^-m  ^. 


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Cream  Screw  an  Important 
Feature 


CPtftI  SCftLw 


The  top  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl, 
showing  the  cream  outlet  and  the 
screw  for  adjusting  this    outlet 


The  cream  screw  is  an  important  feature  of  the 
Dairymaid  bowl.  Only  a  very  slight  turn  is  neces- 
sary to  change  the  sei^aration  from  light  to  heavy 
cream.  In  certain  localities  where  cream  is  shipped 
to  centralization  ])lants,  creameries  are  demanding 
cream  as  thick  as  aO  jjer  cent.  Farmers  are  also 
demanding  50  per  cent  cream  on  account  of  express 
rates.  It  is  not  ])rotitable  to  ])ay  express  on  skim- 
milk.  Heavy  cream  is  less  bulky.  (50  ])er  cent 
cream  means  50  pounds  of  butter  fat  and  50  ])ounds 
of  skim-milk  in  100  pounds  of  cream.)  From  the 
farmer's  standi)oint  thick  cream  is  desirable  not 
only  because  it  is  less  bulky  but  because  more  skim- 
milk  is  retained  on  the  farm  for  feeding  purposes.  Because 
of  the  patented  interior  device  illustrated  on  Page  lU  the 
Dairymaid  bowl  \^ill  skim  heavy  cream  under  conditions 
which   would    clog   other   machines. 

Simple  Effective  Bowl  Spindle  Bearing 

A  cream  separator  is  a  sensitive  machine  because  of  the  high 
s])eed  at  which  it  is  recjuired  to  run.     Hollow  bowl  separators 
are  rec(uired  to  run  at  a  liigher  speed  than  the  disk  type,  because 
the  hollow  bowl  does  not  divide  the  milk  into  layers  and  greater 
sjjced  is  put  on  in  an  attemjit  to  ajjproach  the  efliciency  of  disk 
mtichines.     As  the  Dairymaid  is  a  disk  machine,  it  can  be  run 
at  a  low  speed.     It  is  not  only  one  of  the  lowest  speed  machines 
on  the  market,  but  it  is  also  less  sensitive  than  other  separators 
because  it  has  a  very  sujjerior  Ijowl  sjjindle 
bearing  which  eliminates  about  50  to  75  per 
cent  of  the   sensitiveness.     The  life  of  the 
cream  separator  depends  on  the  bowl  spindle 
bearing  because  this  bearing  keeps  the  bowl 
centered  while   at   .speed  and   jjrevents   vi- 
bration.    In   order  to  avoid  vibration  some 
manufacturers  resort  to  the  use  of  as  many 
as  eight  springs  in  the  bowl  si)indle  bearing. 
The  Dairymaid  has  but  one  spring  which  is 
<f^''^^^m^i     the  largest    and    strongest  found    in    any 
^       -  I"  JSffl^     separator  bearing  on  the  market.     Instead 
of    having    a    number   of    wearing   plates 
like  other  machines,  the  Dairymaid  bowl  spindle  bearing  has 
only  one — a  bronze  bushing  in  which  the  s])indle  revolves.     A 
s])eclal  feature  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl  sjjindlc  bearing  is  that  it 
is  non-adjustable.     This  is  a  great  advantage  because  it  is 

Page  Twelve 


The  No.  1  bearing  un- 
assembled to  show  the 
single  spring  and  the 
general  simplicity  of  the 
bearing. 


r>;Dii.iiii!iniiiiiiiiiiiiiii  mill 


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mill  IllllliiililllfflillllHBIlli 


impossible  to  find  nicii  in  the  field  who  can  adjust  a  bearing  to  a  thousandth  or 
even  a  hundredth  part  of  an  inch.  Since  all  adjustable  bearings  get  out  of 
adjustment  sometimes,  the  advantage  of  ha\ing  a  non-afIjiista!>le  bearing  in 
the  Dairymaid  is  apparent. 

The  Dairymaid  is  never  in- 
jured in  starting  and  stop- 
ping.because  the  top  bearing 
ab.sorbs  all  vibration.  Con- 
sequently, an  uneven  power 
like  a  gasoline  engine  can 
be  used.  The  reason  why 
the  Dairymaid  top  bearing 
permits  this  machine  to  be 
run  successfully  with  an  un- 
even power  like  a  gasohne 
engine  is  because ijractically 
all  cream  separators  now 
on  the  nuirket  are  efjuijiped 
with  top  bearings  which 
possess  but  one  function  — 
that  of  absorbing  vibration 
of  the  bowl  in  starting  and 
stopping.  Such  machines 
must  })e  operated  at  a  very 
uniform  si)eed  if  good  work 
is  desired  because  in  turning 
the  crank  une\enly  there 
is  apt  to  be  a  jar  api)Iied  to 
the  crank  and  this  jerking 
motion  will  be  transmitted 
through  the  crank  to  the 
bowl,  jerking  it  in  and 
out  of  center.  This  causes 
the  bowl  to  vibrate  and 
poor  skimming  is  the  re- 
sult. The  Dairymaid  self- 
centering  bearing  holds  the 
bowl  true  and  prevents 
excessive  vibration  whether 
power  is  applied  uniformly 
or  not. 


This  illustration  of  the  Dairymaid  interior  device  shows  the  tubular 
shaft  with  part  of  the  disk  equipment  in  phantom.  White  pointed 
arrows  indicate  whole  milk;  all  white  arrows  indicate  cream;  and 
black  pointed  arrows  indicate  partially  separated  milk.  Note  that 
the  cream  which  is  separated  in  the  shaft  passes  directly  out 
without  gointi  between  the  disks;  the  partially  separated  milk  flows 
over  the  edee  of  the  wing  between  the  disks  where  separation 
is  completed. 


Page  Thirteen 


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Dirt  Arrester  Chamber 

The  illustratidii  sliows  the  pateuteil  inilk-feediug  shaft  of  the 
Dairymaid  with  part  of  the  dirt  arrester  clianiber  broken  away 
to  show  its  construction.  The  arrow  indicates  where  tiie  dirt 
collects  in  the  tubular  shaft.  Milk  often  contains  a  jj;reat  deal 
of  dirt  and  by  having  a  dirt  arrester  chamber  in  the  bowl,  the 
disks   really  do  not   become  very  dirty. 


Large  Spindles 


The  dirt  arrester  cham- 
ber in  the  bottom  of  the 
millt-feedinij  shaft 
retains  the  dirt  and  im- 
purities found  in  milk. 


spindles  were  subst 
ing  cost.     This  is 


The  sjjindles  of  ii  cream  seijurator  are  very  important  because 

power  is  transmitted  through  them  from  the  crank  to  the  bowl. 

Dairymaid  spindles  are  heavier  than  those  used  in  any  other 

sejjarator.     To  be  sure  it  costs   more  to  use  heavy   spindles 

but  greater  durability  is  obtained  by  their  use 

and  that  is  why  they  are  put  in  the  Dairymaid. 

Hea\y  s])indles  were  originally  used  in  many 

separators  when  first  put  on  the  market 

but  after  these  machines  established 

a  re|)utation  for  gootl  wear,  lighter  tf      l^^^^^B^ 

ituted  to  reduce   manufactur- 

not    true    of    the    Dairymaid. 


Tw^o-piece  Bowl  Spindle 

In  most  cream  separator  bowls,  there  is  a  great 
deal  of  vibration  but  in  the  Dairymaid  there  is 
very  little;  one  reason  for  this  is  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  bowl  spindle.  It  is  made  in  two  pieces 
to  obtain  greater  duralnlity.  By  having  a  two 
piece  bowl  spindle,  vibration  never  goes  below 
the  s|)indle  head.  The  way  in  which  \ibration  is 
eliminated  by  the  two-])icce  spindle  can  readily 
be  understood  by  comparing  it  to  a  spinning  top. 
When  the  bowl  is  revolving,  the  upper  portion 
of  the  spindle  is  allowed  to  rock  slightly,  similar 
to  a  top  spinning  on  a  hard  surface;  consequently 
the  action  is  very  smooth.  Another  great  advant- 
age of  the  two-piece  bowl  spindle  is  that  it  is 
cheaper  from  a  repair  standpoint.  With  a  single 
piece  bowl,  it  is  necessary  to  buy  a  whole  new 
bowl  bottom  with  a  spindle  attached  when  any 
part  of  it  becomes  worn.  With  the  Dairymaid 
all  that  is  necessary  to  replace  is  the  worn  part, 
but  the  liability  for  wear  is  reduced  to  a  mini- 
mum by  the  construction  of  the  spindle. 


^.y  i 


Two-piece  bowl  spindle  and  complete 
Gearing  of  the  Dairymaid.  Note  how  the 
lower  part  of  the  spindle  is  held  in  perfect 
mesh  by  bushing  which  prevents  vibration 


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The  worm  wheel  or 
spiral  Hear  is  made 
from  phosphor  bronze 


Gears 

Tlie  most  im])()rtaiit  part  of  a  cream  separator,  outside  of 

the  bowl,  is  the  driving  meehanism.     Tiie  driving  mechanism 

of  the  Dairymaid  is  very  simple.     Power  from  the  crank 

is  transmitted  by  chain  to  the  intermediate  gear  which  in 

turn  o|)erates  the  bowl  through  the  worm  sjjindle  and  worm 

gear.     The  illustration  on  Page  14  shows  the  comjjlete  gear- 
ing.    An  advantage  of  Dairymaid  gear  wheels  is  that  they 

are  made  of  cylinder  iron  excei)t  the  worm  wheel  which  is 

made   of   jihosplior   lironze.     IMost    gear  wheels  are  made 

of  cast   ii-on.      The  iron  used    in    Dairymaid    gears    is 

the  same  as  that  used  in  an 
engine  cylinder  and  i.s  the 
best  that  ca.n  be  obtained. 
Engine  cylinder  iron  is  the 
licst  material  there   is   for 

the  separator  gear  because  it  makes  a  finer  grain 
gear  than  any  other.  A  fine  grain  gear  is  an  ad- 
vantage because  it  wears  less. 

In  making  the  gears  for  the  Dairymaid  Cream 
Harvester,    the    designers     were     not    satisfied 
sinijilx-  to  use  the  best  material  that  could    be 
(il)tained.     They  went   further    and    decided   to 
use  a  spiral  gear  construction  to  make  the  ma- 
chine duralile  and  at  the  same  time  light  running. 
A  spiral  gear  means  that  the  gear  tooth  is  cut 
on  a  slant.     The  advantage  of  spiral    gears    is 
that    four   teeth   are  in  mesh  at  the  same  time 
instead  of  one,  as  is  the  case 
in  an  ordinary  spur  gear.     By 
!!a\-ing  four  teeth  in  mesh  at 
one  time,  shearing  of  the  gears 
is  ])revented  and  the  strain  on 
each  tooth    is    reduced.     The 
cutting    of    spiral    gears  is  a 
much    more    difficult    and 
expensive  operation  than  cut- 
ting spur   gears  but  they   are 
used  in  the  Dairymaid  because  they  increase  the    durability 
of  the  machine.     It  is  quite  obvious  that  tiie  strain  on  foiu' 
spiral  cut  gears  must  be  considerably  less  than  on  one  spur  gear 
where  the  same  amount  of  work  is  l)eing  done.     A  much  greater 
degree  of  accuracy  is  necessary  in  the  cutting   of  spiral  gears 
than  spur  gears.     Dairymaid  spiral  gears  are  a])preciated  by 
the  operator,  as  they  reduce  friction  to  a  minimum  and  the 
result  is  an  easy  running  separator. 


Spiral  gears  prevent  shear- 
ing and  reduce  the  strain 
on  each  tooth,  which  maizes 
the  macliine  durable  and 
light  runnintj. 


The  intermediate  gear 


V- 


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in 


I'l'irimiirmiiimiKdniiii 


Dain'maid  erears  are  accessible 
for  cleanintr.  The  illustration 
shows  how  the  cover  of  the  g^ear 
case  can  be  removed. 


Gears  are  Accessible 

How  Dairymaid  gears  are  con- 
structed is  explained  on  Page  15. 
Besides  being  the  strongest  gears 
ever  put  in  a  separator,  they 
have  two  other  advantages — 
they  are  dust  and  milk  jirool',  and 
at  the  same  time  accessible  for 
cleaning.  The  illustration  at  the 
top  of  the  Jiage  shows  the  gear  case  with  the 
cover  removed.  The  removable  gear  cover  is 
a  great  advantage  in  cream  seiKirator  con- 
struction because  no  matter  how  well  enclosed 
gears  are,  grit  and  dirt  are  liable  to  collect 
in  the  operating  mechanism.  If  the  dirt  is 
not  removed  it  will  cut  the  bearings  and 
cause  the  separator  to  run  hard.  This  diffi- 
culty is  done  away  with  in  the  Dairymaid 
construction  because  the  gears  are  a<-cessible.  All  that  is  necessary  is  to  raise 
the  gear  case  cover.  When  the  sejxirator  is  in  constant  use,  it  is  well  to  flush  out 
the  gears  with  kerosene  fre([uently.  This  should  he  followed  by  a  thorough  oiling 
which  will  keep  the  machine  in  good  running  order. 

Another  advantage  in  the  construction  of  the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is 
that  there  are  no  exposed  oil  holes.  In  a  machine  that  has  exposed  oil  holes, 
some  dust  and  dirt  is  bound  to  settle,  esjjecially  when  sweeping  is  done.  When 
new  oil  is  put  in  where  there  is  a  small  quantity  of  dust  in  the 
open  hole,  the  oil  washes  the  dust  into  the  machine.  This  dust 
mixes  with  the  oil,  and  gum  is  soon  formed  which  makes  the 
machine  run  hard. 

The  Dairymaid  is  constructed  to  prevent  this  bad  feature  and 
all  that  is  necessary  to  keep  dirt  from  getting  into  the  gears  is 
to  place  a  cloth  in  the  bottom  of  the  bowl  chamber  when  the 
bowl  is  removed  for  cleaning. 

Worm  Spindle  and  Bearing 

The  worm  spindle  is  made  from  a  special  cold  rolled  high  carbon 
steel,  the  worm  wheels  from  ])hosphor  bronze,  and  the  pinion 
from  special  steel.  Phos|)li(ir  bronze  is  a  mixture  of  tin,  phos])hor, 
and  copper  in  such  proportions  that  the  resulthig  cond)ination 
possesses  great  wearing  ])n)pertics  for  high  s|)eed  working  j)arts. 
The  lower  illustration  on  this  page  shows  the  bearing  on  which  the 
worm  spindle  revolves.  This  bearing  is  a  hardened  tool  steel 
point  which  fits  in  a  tapered  socket  in  the  end  of  the  spindle.  It 
runs  on  a  tajiered  steel  point.  In  ease  the  parts  become  worn, 
the  bearing  may  easily  be  removed  and  replaced. 


Bearing  upon  which 

worm  spindle 

revolves 


Page  Sixteen 


liii|iiiiiiiiiiinii  111 

IliiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiii 


IIIIBIIIiillllliliililililllil 


■niisiQiiitiBiB 
.■■■iiiil 


1 

1 


Bushings 

All  hushings  used  in  the  Dairymaid  are  made  from  high  grade  phospor  bronze. 
Phosphor  bronze  is  splendid  material  for  bushings  because  it  is  practically  wear- 
I)roof  and  nearly  frictionless.  Although  the  bushings  are  |)ractically  \vear-i)roof, 
they  are  not  nuide  <|uite  as  hard  as  the  shafts.  In  the  past  it  has  been  customary 
to  make  a  ))ushing  of  the  same  hardness  as  the  shaft  which  turns  in  it.  It  it 
wears  a  little,  there  is  too  much  i)lay  between  the  shaft  and  the  bushing.  When 
this  occurs  a  new  part  is  required.  In  the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  the  first 
part  which  will  wear  out  is  the  bushing.  When  the  bushing  becomes  worn,  all 
that  is  necessary  is  to  reiilace  the  worn  part.  The  fact  that  Dairymaid  bush- 
ings are  a  little  softer  than  the  shafts  which  turn  in  them  is  one  of  the  best  features 
cf  this  .sei)arator.  By  constructing  the  bushing  a  little  softer  than  the  shaft,  repair 
bills  are  cut  down.  The  result  is  that  when  a  new  bushing  is  needed,  the  farmer 
has  to  sj)end  only  a  few  cents  instead  of  several  dollars.  The  bushings  are 
responsible  in   a  great  measure  for  the  light-rumiing  features  of  the  Dairymaid. 

Frame 

The  Dairymaid  frame  is  simple  and  consists  of 
but  few  parts.  The  gear  nest  is  placed  in  the 
stool  and  the  frame  set  over  it,  bolted  so  that  by 
removing  the  frame  tlie  gears  are  accessible.  The 
frame  is  well  finished,  painted,  and  varnishec 
giving  the  Dairymaid  an  unusually  attractive 
appearance. 

The  frame  never  shows  wear  and  never  needs  to 
be  rei)laceil  because  at  every  point  where  a  moving 
part  would  come  in  contact  with  the  frame  to 
cause  wear,  there  is  a  phosphor  bronze  bushing 
to  take  up  the  wear. 

Why  the  Bowl  is  Located  Close 
to  the  Gears 

The  one  thing  to  eliminate  in  a  cream  separator 
is  vibration.  In  the  Dairymaid  the  bowl  is 
located  very  close  to  the  gears  because  when  it  is 
placed  in  that  position  there  is  less  leverage  on 
the  gears  and  the  machine  will  not  be  racked. 
Having  the  bowl  hjcated  close  to  the  gears  is  also 
an  advantage  in  case  themachineshouldreceivea 
sudden  jar.  An  advantage  of  the  I  )a  i  ry  maid  Cream 
Harvester  is  that  although  the  bowl  is  located 
close  to  the  gears,  yet  it  is  high  enough  that  any 
10-gallon  can  may  be  placed  beneath  the  milk 
and  cream  spouts. 


Page  Seventeen 


m  lilllllillllliilBiIliBilliilllllg 


Chain  Drive 

The  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  tlriven  by  a 
chain.  This  construction  accounts  in  a  f;reat  meas- 
ure for  the  (kirabiiity  and  iiglit-running  features. 
When  a  chain  is  used  for  driving  power,  the  gears 
wear  less.  They  run  lighter  and  noiselessly.  The 
sprocket  wheels  over  which  the  Dairymaid  tlrive 
chain  openites  are  hardened  .steel.  The  links  of  the 
chain  are  also  hardened  steel.  A  file  will  not  make 
an  impression  on  them.  Chain  drive  sci)arators  have 
been  used  in  Europe  for  some  time  but  they  were 
not  used  in  the  United  States  until  the  Dairymaid 
was  introduced.  The  Dairymaid  chain  drive  is  not 
in  the  least  way  dangerous,  as  it  is  protected  by  a 
chain  guard.  Power  from  the  crank  is  transmitted 
by  the  chain  from  the  large  sprocket  to  a  small 
.sprocket  then  through  the  gears  to  the  bowl. 

Chain  Protected  by  a  Guard 


machines  that  run  at  high  speed,  safety  has  to 
be  considered.  Accidents  will  happen.  To  pro- 
tect the  operator  against  injury,  the  Dairymaid 
chain  has  l)een  incasetl  in  a  chain  guard  so  that  it  is 

Chain  drive  and  truard  .■       ii      ■  -i  i     i'       ii  i       •  x* 

practically  nni)ossihle  tor  the  ijcrson  who  is  ojjerating 
the  separator  to  get  either   the   hands  or  clothing  caught  in  the  mechanism. 

Clutch 

In  case  an  accident  should  happen,  the  handle  can  be  stop[)ed  because  the  machine 
is  equipped  with  a  clutch  which  allows  the  gears  to  rc%'olve  while  the  handle  is 
stopped.  The  clutch  ackls  to  the  durability  of  the  gears  because  it  eliminates 
unnecessary  wear  by  allowing  the  machine  to  run  williout  the  luindle  being  turned. 

Interchangeable  Parts 

All  ])arts  of  the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  are 
interchangeable.  They  are  made  .so  well  and 
measured  so  correctly  that  they  will  not  vary  a 
thousandth  part  of  an  inch.  At  the  factory  where 
the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  made,  every 
workman  is  instructed  to  make  the  parts  accurately. 
Each  man  is  held  res])onsible  for  the  work  he  does  so 
that  it  will  be  absolutely  accurate  and  all  parts  that 
do  not  come  up  to  standard  are  rejected. 


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Oiling  System 


Sight  Feed  Oilers 


The  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  the  only  separator 
on  tlie  market  which  has  a  donble  oiling  system— sight 
feed  and  splash  system.  The  illustration  at  the  bottom 
of  the  page  shows  both  systems.  The  illustration  at  the 
ti)])  of  the  page  shows  the  sight  feed  oilers.  The  sight 
feed  oiler  is  jilaced  on  the  outside  of  tlie  frame  near  the 
t.)p  from  whieh  a  tube  carries  oil  to  the  important  neck 
or  bowl  sjjindle  bearing.  The  oil  from  the  neck  bearing 
then  flows  to  the  gears.  By  this  arrangement  the  sight 
feed  oiler  lubricates  the  neck  bearing,  bowl  spindle,  and 
'  the  gear.  The  gears  run  in  oil.  This  method  is  known 
as  the  splash  or  oil  bath  system  and  is  the  best  system  ever 
put  in  a  cream  separator.  It  is  the  same  method  used 
on  automatic  machinery  in  large  factories.  The  great  advantage  of  the  splash 
system  is  that  all  the  oil'  is  saved  and  used  over  and  over  again.  It  is  not  use  that 
destrovs  the  utility  of  oil,  but  dirt,  grit.  milk,  and  other  substances.  One  reason 
why  tiie  Dairymaid  is  an  efficient  separator  is  because  of  the  oihng  system. 
In  the  bottom  of  the  frame  there  is  a  drain  cock  which  permits  the  oil  to  drain 
from  the  gears  after  it  has  served  its  purijose.  The  oil  pan  m  the  bottom  ot 
the  frame  collects  the  oil  as  it  drops  from 
the  drain  cock.  When  the  machii.e  is  in 
use  the  sight  feed  oiler  shoukl  be  adjusted 
to  feed  about  10  drops  of  oil  per  minute. 
This  can  be  regulated  by  turning  the 
adjusting  screw  to  the  left  to  increase  the 
flow  or  by  turning  it  to  the  right  to  diminish 
the  flow.  The  illustrations  at  the  top  of  the 
page  show  the  oil  cup  opened  and  closed. 
Before  the  separator  is  run,  the  crank  shaft 
and  gear  shaft  bearings  should  be  oiled  care- 
fully where  indicated  by  oil  holes.  About  one- 
quarter  of  a  pint  of  diluted  oil  should  be 
poured  into  the  gear  box  at  the  bottom  of  the 
frame,  or  enough  so  that  the  lower  edge  of 
the  worm  gear  will  just  touch  the  oil.  At  the 
end  of  the  run  the  oil  cups  should  be  closed. 
An  advantage  of  the  Dairymaid  Creaiii 
Harvester  is  that  it  has  no  exposed  oil 
holes  to  catch  dirt.  This  increases  the  dura- 
bility of  the  machine.  The  Dairymaid  runs 
smoothly  because  it  is  so  well  oiled.  This 
is  imi)ortant  because  a  .separator  is  required 
to  run  at  a  high  rate  of  speed  and  unless  it 
is    pro])crly   oiled  the  gears   will  tiind   an(' 


wear  out  quickly. 


Page  Nineteen 


The  Dairymaid  is  the  only  separator  which  has 
a  double  oilinc  system  — sight  feed  and  splash 
system.  The  illustration  shows  both  arrange- 
ments. 


-^SSfeafe?W;3aaA» 


iisiiuiiiiiijiauiwi  ill 


■liiniiiiiiii  ill 


Supply  Can  Only  Waist  High 

No  great  effort  is  reciuired  to  fill  the  supply  c'an  of  the  Dairymaid  and  no  hard  lifting 
is  necessary.  The  toj)  of  the  can  comes  onli,-  to  the  waist  of  the  operator.  This 
feature  is  one  which  will  lie  ai)preciated  Vjy  ])eople  who  have  had  to  lift  milk  ])ails 
high  into  the  air.  Some  s('i)arators  have  low  supply  cans,  hut  the  cream  and  milk 
outlets  are  also  low  and  small  recejjtacles  have  to  he  used.  This  is  a  bother  because 
small  recejjtacles  have  to  be  watched  or  the  milk  and  cream  will  overflow  and  be 
wasted.  This  is  not  the  case  with  the  Dairymaid.  The  milk  and  cream  s|)outs 
are  high  enough  so  that  any  10-gallon  milk  can  manufactured  may  be  i)laced  beneath 
them  to  recei^•e  the  se])arated  jjroduct.  These  great  advantages  of  the  Dairymaid 
are  due  to  the  construction  of  the  frame  and  the  elimination  of  the  milk  regulating 

cover.  Ordinary  separators  have  a 
3  inch  cylinder  on  the  top  cover, 
on  which  the  milk  regulating  float 
works  up  and  down  and  over  the 
edge  of  which  the  supply  can  is  set. 
There  is  no  milk  regulating  cover 
on  the  Dairymaid.  The  inflowing 
milk  is  automatically  regulated 
above  the  faucet  instead  of  below 
by  means  of  a  patented  regulating 
float  which  is  explained  on  Page  -2'i. 
The  illustration  on  this  page  is  an 
exact  reproduction  of  the  Dairy- 
maid Cream  Harvester  and  shows 
that  the  suj)])ly  can  couhl  not  be 
placedinamoreconvenient  ])osition. 
The  advantage  of  this  feature  is  ap- 
preciated twice  every  day  by  farmers 
who  are  using  the  Dairymaid. 
The  supply  can  is  easily  washed  as 
it  contains  no  nooks  or  corners 
where  dirt,  milk,  or  bacteria  might 
collect.  The  .su])ply  can  rests  on 
four  brackets  and  is  held  firndy  in 
position  by  upright  lugs.  An  ad- 
vantage of  the  Dairymaid  is  that 
all  tinware  can  be  removed  for 
washing.  The  superiority  of  the 
Dairymaid  tinware  is  explained  on 
page  2'2.  The  upper  and  lower 
edges  of  the  supply  can  are  reen- 
forced  with  extra  material  so  that 
the  can  will  not  get  bent  out  of 
shape.  All  seams  are  soldered  so 
that  no  crevices  are  left,  m  which 
milk  and  dirt  might  collect. 


lllllliilllMllilliilillllillilllilllllllllllir 

■I  iiiiiiaiiiiiiiliEi 


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lillll  liBBIHIiMii 


Crank  Shaft 
Convenient 

The  Dairymaid  crank  shaft  is  just 
the  rij^ht  height  from  the  floor  to 
allow  the  operator  to  turn  it  easily 
and  naturally.  A  jjerson  does  not 
have  to  get  in  any  back-breaking 
position  to  turn  the  handle  and  no 
stooping  and  reaching  into  the  air 
is  required.  In  many  other  separa- 
tors the  convenience  of  the  crank 
shaft  has  been  sacrificed  in  order  to 
place  the  supply  can  low.  This  is 
not  so  in  the  Dairymaid — it  has 
both  features.  The  oi)eration  of 
the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is 
easy  and  will  be  appreciated  by 
farmers  who  have  to  use  a  separator 
every  day  in  the  year. 
Besides  being  set  at  the  proper 
lieight,  the  Dairymaid  is  so  tlosigncd 
that  the  crank  describes  a  circle  of 
but  -21  inches  in  diameter  when 
operated.  This  means  that  the 
person  who  operates  the  machine 
will  not  become  tired  as  quickly  as 
if  a  longer  crank  were  used. 

Factory  Inspection 

No  Dairymaid  CVeam  Harvester 
ever  leaves  the  factory  until  it  has 
been  inspected  and  tested  by  experts.  This  inspection  does  not  consist  simi)ly 
of  looking  the  machine  over"  after  it  has  been  assembled  and  turning  the  handle 
two  or  three  times  by  hand  to  see  that  it  runs  all  right,  but  every  part  and  juece 
is  examined,  measured,  and  tested  as  the  construction  jjrogresses.  If  a  slight 
flaw  appears  in  any  part  of  the  machine,  that  ])art  is  thrown  aside  and  a  better 
one  selected.  Every  bowl  is  inspected  twice  by  different  men  and  tested  under 
water  by  compressed  air  which  exerts  a  pressure  of  over  80  i)ounds  to  the  square 
inch.  This  test  is  made  to  be  sure  that  no  bowl  has  an  air  hole  or  leak  in  it. 
After  each  separator  has  been  assembled  it  is  run  for  several  hours  by  belting  and 
shafting  which  turns  the  machine  much  faster  than  it  is  turned  when  separating  is 
done.  This  test  also  determines  whether  the  bowl  is  perfectly  balanced  or  not. 
When  a  machine  undergoes  this  test  and  is  found  to  be  out  of  I)alance  no  tinkering 
is  done  to  adjust  it,  but  the  whole  machine  is  rejected  and  inferior  parts  .scrapped. 
Before  being  packed  for  shipment  all  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvesters  are  inspected 
again  to  see  that  the  tinware  fits  properly  and  everything  is  in  proper  adjustment. 


The  Dairymaid  crank  is  just  the  right  height  from  the 
floor  to  allow  the  operator  to  turn  it  easily  and  naturally 


Paie   Twenty-One 


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iillilllliiEilililiillliiillil 
ill  llliiilllBliliillillll'" 


liir 


mil  lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli: 


The  patented  float  in  section 
which  retrulates  inflowintr  milk 
abovethe  faucet  instead  of  below 


Flow  of  Milk  Regulated 
A  utomatically 

A  faucet  regulates  the  flow  of  milk  autoiiiatically  from 
above  instead  of  below,  by  means  of  a  patented  float. 
If  the  milk  flows  too  fast  it  causes  the  float  to  rise, 
which  shuts  off  the  sui>ply,  and  as  separation  continues, 
the  float  falls  and  rises  as  fast  as  the  flow  of  milk  is 
taken  care  of  by  the  bowl. 

The  use  of  this  float  permits  the  bowl  and  sujjply  can 
to  be  brought  close  together  so  that  the  bowl  outlets 
are  in  the  most  desirable  position.  Wiien  separating 
is  being  done,  the  flow  of  milk  should  not  be  started 
into  the  bowl  until  full  si)eed  has  been  obtained.  The 
taucet  can  then  tjc  opened  and  when  separation  has 
once  begun  it  should  proceed  contimiously  without 
allowing  the  supply  can  to  become  em]}ty  or  the  speed 
to  run  down. 


Tinw^are 

The  tin  plating  on  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  parts  is  very  superior.  INIany 
people  think  that  several  coats  of  tin  can  be  applied  to  nietal.  This  is  ncit 
so.  Only  one  coat  of  tin  can  be  a])])lied.  .\11  milk  and  c'ream  covers,  supjdy  cans, 
disks,  and  ]5arts  which  come  in  contact  with  the  milk  are  specially  tinned.  On 
one  gross  of  ordinary  dish-pans  the  amount  of  tin  plate  amounts' to  about  two 
ounces.  On  the  S'i  disks  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl  there  are  20  ounces  of  tin.  This 
shows  the  difference  in  the  tin  plating  of  Dairymaid  disks  and  ordinary  dish-pans. 
The  dish-pans  usually  pass  through  several  stripping  jirocesses  of  oil  wliich  leaves 
only  a  very  thin  coat  of  tin  on  the  metal.  Dairymaid  disks  are  not  put  through 
any  stripping  process  at  all  to  remove  the  tin.  The  only  way  in  which  tin  is  re- 
moved at  ail  is  simply  a  rapitl  motion  through  the  air  when  swung  by  the  arm  of 
a  man.  All  tinware  is  thoroughly  inspected  and  if  there  happens  to  be  even  as 
much  as  one  small  black  spot  on  any  piece  of  tinware  it  is  rejected. 


Sanitary  Base 

In  order  to  make  the  Dairymaid  as  clean  and 
.sanitary  as  possible  it  is  set  on  four  legs.  This 
is  an  advantage  because  when  seijarating  is 
being  done,  milk  and  oil  are  apt  to  be  s])illed 
on  the  floor.  By  having  the  separator  set  on 
legs  the  machine  and  floor  around  it  can  be 
kept  clean  and  sanitary. 


All  milk  and  cream  covers,  supply- 
cans,  disks,  and  parts  which  come 
in  contact  with  the  milk  are  spec- 
ially tinned 


Page   Twenty-Two 


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giiiiiinmiiuiMiiiiiiiii 


...j/'Vjj  -,,//'/ y 


When  put  upon  tlu-  wiru  liuldur  and  rinsed  in 
a  pan  of  water,  the  disks  can  be  cleaned 
thoroughly  in  less  than  a  minute's  time. 


The  Dairymaid  is  Sanitary 

Nobody  desires  to  use  a  iiiachiiie  that  is  hard  to  clean. 
Tliis  certainly  applies  to  a  cream  separator  because 
cleanliness  is  absolutely  essential  in  securing  a  high- 
grade  milk  jn-oduct.  Milk  as  it  comes  from  cows  does 
not  sour  of  itself.  It  is  only  when  bacteria  get  into  it 
that  it  tends  to  sour  and  if  left  for  any  length  of  time  it 
becomes  a  breeding  ])lace  for  deadly  germs.  If  there 
were  no  dust,  dirt,  l)a(teria,  or  microbes  to  get  into 
milk,  cleanliness  would  not  l)e  so  important,  V)ut  they 
exist  and  must  be  kejjt  out  of  the  separator.  The 
extent  to  which  milk  will  absorb  odors  from  the  atmos- 
phere can  easily  be  shown  by  leaving  a  can  of  fresh 

milk  in  the  kitchen  while  a  meal  is 
being  prepared.     In  a  very  short  time 
^  the  predoiiiinating  odor  of  the  kitchen 

can  be  detected  in  the  milk. 

milk  is  run  through  a  clean  sejia- 
rator  immediately  after  milking,  un- 
desirable results  caused  by  bacteria  and 
microbes  are  avoided  because  the 
product  is  not  given  a  chance  to  sour 
and  deteriorate. 

Since  milk  is  so  easily  contaminated 
and  such  a  great  breeding  place  for 
undesirable  germs  the  separator  must 
be  kept  clean.  In  the  Dairymaid  all 
parts  are  easy  to  get  at  and  can  easily  be  kejjt  free  from  dirt.  To  be  sure,  the 
Dairymaid  bowl  contains  disks  but  this  is  a  cream  se])arator  advantage  rather 
than  a  disadvantage,  as  claimed  by  many  se])arator  comi)anies.  They  say  that 
disks  are  hard  to  keej)  clean".  The  reason  for  ])lacing  disks  in  the  Dairymaid 
is  ex])lain<-d  on  page  10.  Owing  to  the  construction  of  the  Dairymaid  bowl, 
cleaning  is  simplified  by  the  tubular  shaft  which  has  a  dirt  arrester  chamber  at 
its  lower  end.  As  the  milk  enters  the  bowl  it  descends  at  once  to  this  chamljcr 
where  all  undissolved  dirt  and  filth  in  the  milk  are  removed.  This  feature  is 
explained  in  detail  on  Page  11.     This  is  a  great  advantage  because  none  of  the  dirt 

found  in  milk  is  allowed  to  pass  over 
the  disks;  consequently,  they  are  easy 
to  clean. 

The  disks  have  no  perforations  or 
corrugations  like  a  great  many  other 
separators  and  if  a  little  warm  water 
or  skim  milk  is  run  through  the  sej)- 
arator  after  the  work  is  finished,  any 
cream  that  remains  in  the  bowl  is 
Washing  the  bowl  is  a  simple  question  very  easily  removed. 

Paf^e   Twenty-Three 


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Other  Reasons  Why  the  Dairymaid  is  Durable 

A  part  that  is  often  weak  in  a  oreaiu  separator  is  tlie  crank  liraeket.  On  the 
Dairymaid  this  piece  is  made  so  well  and  so  strong  that  it  will  sustain  a  strain  of 
over  loOO  pounds.  One  reason  why  so  much  strength  is  obtained  in  the  Dairymaid 
is  because  the  machine  is  constructed  according  to  the  laws  of  nature.  If  the 
trouble  is  taken  to  notice  growing  grass,  trees,  or  shrubs,  it  will  be  found  that  the 
stems  are  hollow — nature  made  them  this  way  to  withstand  the  elements.  The 
same  principle  is  followed  in  the  construction  of  the  Dairymaid  by  using  hollow 
tubing.  Where  strength  is  needed  and  where  the  strain  comes,  the  Dairymaid 
is  stronger  than  about  eight  out  of  ten  cream  separators. 

The  construction  of  the  Dairymaid  not  only  makes  a  durable  machine  but  it  is 
cheaper  from  a  repair  standpoint.  For  instance,  the  bowl  spindle  is  made  in  two 
pieces  instead  of  one;  consetjuently,  it  is  not  necessary  to  buy  a  whole  new  piece 
when  any  part  becomes  worn.  All  that  is  necessary  is  to  replace  the  worn  part. 
Unlike  most  separators  no  rebalancing  of  the  bowl  is  necessary  in  the  Dairymaid. 
This  all  means  that  the  Dairymaid  is  cheaper  for  the  farmer  and  that  it  is  far  more 
duraljle  than  other  separators. 

More  Reasons  for  Strength 

The  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  durable  because  the  frame  is  strong,  because 
heavy  shafts  are  used,  because  the  frame  is  protected  with  bronze  bushings, 
because  the  gear  wheels  are  made  of  tool  steel,  because  it  has  a  convenient  oiling 
system,  Ix-cause  it  has  a  bowl  sjiindle  arrangement  which  permits  the  gears  to 
mesh,  and  because  it  has  a  top  bearing  which  reduces  vibration. 

Why  the  Dairymaid  is  Light-running 

The  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  light-running  because  of  the  chain  drive, 
accurately  cut  spiral  gears,  ample  oiling  facilities,  and  the  convenient  crank  shaft. 
Purchasers  of  Dairymaids  never  have  occasion  to  complain  of  a  hard-working 
machine. 

Sizes 

No.  1,  guaranteed  capacity,  350  pounds  of  milk  per  hour. 
No.  2,  guaranteed  capacity,  450  pounds  of  milk  per  hour. 
No.  3,  guaranteed  capacity,  650  pounds  of  milk  per  hour. 
No.  4,  guaranteed  capacity,  850  ijounds  of  milk  per  hour. 


i!iiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiii  mill 


WlllllillliliillililllilMMI 


Friction  Pulley 

When  it  is  desired  to  run  the  cream  separator  by 
gasoline  power,  a  special  friction  pulley  41^  inches 
in  diameter  with  a  ^i-g  in.  face  can  be  furnished. 
This  pulley  should  be  attached  to  the  small  sprocket 
shaft.  It  is  so  constructed  that  by  turning  the 
hand  wheel  to  the  right  the  movable  pulley  is  forced 
by  the  compression  spring  against  the  friction  cone. 

Sectional  view  of  Friction  Pulley  ,^,  o     ,  i  •  •  t  fc    ■       i. 

The    pressure    oi    this    s|)nng    produces    sutncient 
friction  to  start  the  separator.     It  will  also  maintain  the  correct  speed  of  the  bowl. 


^■■iijlM|lj|IUIltf 

m 


Power  for  the  Separator 

Although  it  is  not  difficult  to  operate  the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  by  hand, 
yet  there  are  many  farmers  who  own  gasoline  engines  or  who  desire  a  small  one 
to  run  the  separator.  For  this  purpose,  the  Tom  Thumb  1-horse  power  air- 
cooled  gasoline  engine  is  very  satisfactory.  The  larger  size  No.  4  requires 
only  about  1-16  of  a  horse  power.  The  engine  is  small,  compact,  easy  to  operate, 
and  light  in  weight.  Besides  operating  the  separator,  it  can  be  used  for  other 
purposes  to  which  an  engine  of  its  size  is  adapted,  such  as  driving  the  fanning 
mill,  washing  machine,  or  pumps. 

Specifications  of  Tom  Thumb  Engine 

600  revolutions  per  minute.  Size  pulley:  4  inch  diameter, 
iyy  inch  face.  Weight,  complete:  193  pounds.  Size  base: 
12  inches  x  42  inches.  Fly-wheel:  153^2  inch  diameter;  ^}4 
inch  face. 


A  Tom  Thumb  Engine  belted  to  a  Dairymaid  No.  3 


Page  Twenty- Five 


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Why  it  is  Better  to  Ship  Cream  than 
to  Haul  Whole  Milk 

It  is  better  to  sell  one  can  of  cream  than  ten  cans  of  whole  milk  because  transporta- 
tion charges  are  reduced  and  top  prices  can  be  commanded  for  the  cream. 
Labor,  time,  and  expense  are  reduced  and  the  bother  of  hauling  heavy  loads  of 
milk,  oftentimes  through  nuiddy  roads,  is  done  away  with.  In  addition  to  this, 
the  fresh  skim  milk  is  retained  on  the  farm.  This  is  a  great  advantage  because 
fresh  skim  milk  is  valuable  for  feeding. 

The  Value  of  Skim  Milk 

Sweet  skim  milk  is  excellent  food  for  calves,  pigs,  and  chickens,  when  mixed  with 
corn  meal,  oil  meal,  ground  oats  and  similar  foods  which  take  the  place  of  butter 
fat,  which  the  separator  removes.     It  is  not  a  good  practice  to  feed  pure  skim  milk 

because  animals  will  not  thrive  on  it  as 
well  as  when  it  is  mixed  with  some 
product  like  corn  meal,  ground  oats, 
etc.  When  all  the  butter  fat  is  re- 
moved from  the  milk,  an  equal  amount 
of  luitrition  should  be  supplied  to  nuike 
skim  milk  valuable  food  for  growing 
calves  and  pigs.  The  reason  it  pays  to 
keep  a  separator  on  the  farm  is  because 
the  butter  fat  which  it  removes  from  milk 
can  be  sold  for  as  high  as  2.5  cents  a 
pound.  The  nutrition  of  the  butter  fat 
taken  from  the  milk  by  the  separator  can 
be  replaced  with  corn  meal,  ground  oats, 
etc.,  at  less  than  i  cents  a  pound.  I5y 
selling  butter  fat  for  25  cents  per  pound 
and  replacing  an  ecpuil  amount  of  nutri- 
tion in  skim  milk  for  less  than  2  cents 
per  pound,  a  profit  of  "iS  cents  is  made 
on  every  ])ound  of  butter  fat  that  the 
separator  removes. 
The  objection  to  hauling  skim  milk  from  the  creamery  for  food  is  that  by  the  time 
it  reaches  the  farm  the  wholesome  sugar  in  the  milk  has  undergone  a  chemical 
change  and  become  lactic  acid,  or  in  other  words,  it  is  sour  and  not  nearly  as  desir- 
able for  food  as  the  sweet  milk  which  comes  from  the  separator. 

How  to  Make  Dairying  Pay 

The  secret  of  making  dairy  farming  pay  is  to  milk  the  best  cows,  to  know  how 
and  what  to  feed  them,  to  observe  cleanliness,  to  use  a  cream  separator,  and  to 
keep  records  of  what  is  done  so  there  will  be  no  guessing.  Too  many  farmers 
do  not  know  whether  cows  are  doing  their  best  or  not.  It  is  time  to  adopt  busi- 
ness principles  in  dairy  farming  and  take  nothing  for  granted. 

Pa^e    Twenty-Six 


Calves  thrive  on  skim-milk 


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Cows  to  Milk 

One  good  cow  is  better  and  cheaper  than  several  i)oor  ones.  The  reason  is  that  one 
good  cow  will  produce  more  milk  than  two  or  three  ordinary  cows  and  yet  will  eat 
about  the  same  as  any  one  of  the  "scrubs."  Consequently,  if  you  own  a  good 
cow,  milk  can  be  produced  at  a  low  cost  and  you  will  be  in  a  position  to  make 
money,  while  if  you  keep  only  ordinary  cows  they  will  eat  up  the  profits.  In 
deciding  what  cows  to  milk,  there  are  six  leading  breeds  to  choose  from — Holstein, 
Ayrshire,  Shorthorn,  Devon,  Guernsey,  and  Jersey.  Holsteins  and  Ayrshires  are 
noted  for  producing  great  quantities  of  milk  but  their  product  is  not  as  rich  in  solids 
as  the  Jersey  and  Guernsey.  The  following  tMble  shows  the  difference  in  milk 
solids  from  the  different  breeds: 

Breed  Per  cent  of  Water  Per  cent  of  Solids 

Holstein 88.20  11. SO 

Avrsliire 87.25  12.75 

Sl'iorthorn  85.70  14.30 

Devon                                 85.50  14.30 

Guernsey 85.10  14.90 

Jersey 84.60 15,40 

Professor  W.  B.  Richards  has  given  the  following  summary  of  a  good  dairy  cow. 

The  Dairy  Type 

"The  points  that  a  cow  shoidd  possess  if  adapted  to  economical  milk  production 

are  quite  opposite  from  what  is  seen  in  the  beef  animal. 

"The  Dairv  cow  possesses  a  long  face,  thin  slender  neck,  a  sharp  projecting  shoulder. 

She  is  not  very  wide  in  the  chest,  Init  her  capacity  of  chest  is  due  to  her  depth 

which  is  greater  in  jjroportion  to 

her  size  than  you  will  find  in  the 

beef  animal.     She  possesses  large 

barrel  which     indicates  a  good  _^^p^ 

capacity  for  digesting  her  food.  .^^p'  ^  »-  ^^   '^m 

Her   depth   here    should    exceed 

depth  in  any  otherjiortion  of  the 

body.    A  dairy  cow  shoidd  have 

a  good  width  at  the  hips.     Her 

thighs    should  be  lean  and  free 

from    muscling.     She  .should  be  ...jm^^^^^^m^o 

open  between  her  thighs.  ^^^^^^^^^H 

"Much  attention  should  be  given  ^IRPHRHJI 

the  udder  of  the  dairy  cow — a 

large    udder    does    not    indicate 

that  it  is  a  good  one.     They  are  . 

„  n      1  111  Separator  skim  mil 

often  very  fleshy;  a  good  udder 

should  lie  elastic  and  ])liable,  and  show  many  folds  wh^ 
shoidd  be  placed  eipial  distances  apart  which  is  genera 
udder  is  .symmetrical  and  well-proi)ortioned.     Large 
cations,   the   more  winding  and    branching  they  are 
The  veins  do  not  carry  milk,  as  many  think,  but  carr> 

Page   Twenty- Seven 


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to  the  body  and  the  more  blood  that  passes  through  the  udder  the  more  milk 
there  is  produced  because  the  milk  is  produced  from  the  blood. 
"A  good  dairy  cow  possesses  a  rather  pliable  elastic  skin.    A  coarse,  harsh  hand- 
ling skin  is  a  poor  indication.     AMicii  cows  possess  these  qualities  of  skin  they 
are  rarely  good  producers." 

What  to  Feed  Cows 

Feed  is  the  one  thing  that  will  make  milk.  As  a  general  rule,  the  cow  that  con- 
sumes the  most  food  will  produce  the  most  milk.  This  is  the  reason  why  Holsteins 
are  such  great  milkers.  They  have  a  wonderful  capacity  for  assimilating  enormous 
quantities  of  food  without  retaining  it  in  the  shape  of  fat.  In  feeding  for  milk,  it 
is  advisable  to  keej)  an  abundance  of  roughage  before  the  cows  all  the  time  in 
addition  to  other  rations.  What  to  feed  cows  is  a  question  that  has  been  widely 
discussed.  A  good  decision  to  come  to  is — don't  underfeed  them. 
In  an  article  printed  in  the  Chicago  Daily  Produce  of  July  26,  1910,  Chris 
Johnson  of  Howard  Lake,  Minnesota,  has  the  following  to  say  about  the  man  who 
under-feeds  his  cows. 

"The  unprofitable  result  from  underfeeding  may  be  ex])lained  as  follows:  Where 
cows  are  given  less  food  than  they  require  for  maintenance  and  milk  ])roduction, 
the  milk  jjroduction  nuist  suffer  or  the  cow.  Fortunately  our  cows  protect  them- 
selves and  the  result  is  the  cows  live  but  gradually  go  dry.  The  man  who  would 
save  money  by  saving  food  comes  to  this  sad  ending,  that  he  is  simply  boarding 
his  cows  wiiich  receive  only  enough  to  maintain  themselves  and  natur;illy  give 
little  or  nothing  for  profit.  If  his  cows  are  receiving  only  enougli  food  for  main- 
tenance and  jjroduction  ecpiivalent  to  jjay  for  food  consumed  and  labor  cx])ended, 
then  he  is  receiving  no  j)rofit  from  his  cows.  This  is  why  no  man  can  afford  to 
underfeed  a  milk  cow  and  he  had  better  sell  his  animals  than  attempt  to  carry  on 
his  business  on  this  plan." 

The  tables  below  indicate  the  nutritive  ratio  of  different  foods,  but  to  secure  the 
best  results  from  each  cow,  her  requirements  should  be  studied  and  her  food  varied 
accordingly : 

How  Much  to  Feed 


-Digestible  Xutriexts- 


1.  When  giving  11  pound-s  iif  milk  daily 

2.  When  giving  I6J2  pounds  of  niill<  daily 

3.  WluMi  giving  ii  pounds  of  milk  ilaily    .  , 

4.  When  giving  ^illo  pounds  of  milk  daily. 
Standard  maintenance  ratio 


Dry 
Matter 
Pounds 

2.'. ,  0 
'27  0 
','!!  (I 
.■i-2  (I 
1S(I 


Protein 
Pounds 

10 
2,0 
2  .5 
3,3 


Carbo 
Hydrates 
Pounds 

lU.U 
11.0 
13.0 
13.0 
8.0 


Ether 
Extracts 
Pounds 

.3 
.4 
.5 
.8 
.1 


Nutritive 
Ratio 


G.7 
6  0 
5.7 
4  5 


1:11 


Nutritive  Ratio 

Corn  fodder 1:14.!) 

Mixed  gra.sses  and  clover 1:7.4 

Wheat  bran 1:  3.7 

Skim  milk  (centrifugal) 1 :  2 . 

Corn  silage 1 :14  .3 


Nutritive  Ratio  of  Different  Foods 


Nutritive  Ratio 

Gluten  meal 1 :  i 

Corn  or  corn  meal 1:  9.7 

Mangles 1:  5.1 

Red  clover  hay 1:  5.8 

Page   Tarenty-Eight 


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Around  the  Barn — Flies — Manure 

If  the  cows  are  made  comfortable,  better  results  can  be  expected.  It  is  certain 
that  a  cow  cannot  be  comfortable  when  she  is  left  to  fight  flies.  These  pests 
worry  cows  and  lower  their  production.  The  practical  way  to  get  rid  of  flies  is  to 
destroy  their  breeding  jjlace.  One  place  where  they  breed  is  in  the  manure  pile 
and  when  they  go  traveling  they  fail  to  wipe  their  feet.  Then  the  thing  to  do  is  to 
get  rid  of  the  manure  pile.  Flies  are  known  to  be  great  distributers  of  typhoid 
fever  and  dysentery  and  they  should  not  be  allowed  to  breed  around  the  barn.  If 
the  manure  pile  is  removed  the  breeding  place  will  be  destroyed  and  consequently 
the  number  of  flies  will  be  less.  Milk  is  easily  contaminated  and  every  precaution 
should  be  taken  to  protect  it.  By  keeping  the  barn  and  yard  free  of  manure  and 
getting  rid  of  flies  it  will  be  found  that  the  cows  will  not  lie  irritated  and  that  each 
one  will  earn  more  money. 

What  a  Cov^r  Should  Earn 

The  following  table  is  a  four-year  record  of  butter  fat  production  published  in  1909 
by  Emil  H.  Ek,  Cokato,  Minn.  He  says — "After  fouryears  weighing  the  milk  and 
testing  each  cow's  milk  for  butter  fat,  I  find  that  this  method  is  the  only  and  the 
most  practical  way  of  knowing  positively  the  value  of  any  cow." 


Number 

of 
Cows 

Months 
Milked 

Amount 
of 
Milk 

Average 

Test 

Percent  tat 

Pounds 

Butter 

Fat 

Gross 

Butter  Fat 

Money  value 

Cost  of 

Keep 

Money  value 

Net  profit  above 
cost  of  keep 
Money  value 

1 

n}'2 

6838 

5.1 

350.8 

.$100.52 

.$42 .  00 

$58.52 

i 

12 

7642 

4,2 

319.4 

91.70 

43  00 

48.70 

3 

93^ 

U(i9 

5.3 

237 . 6 

66.87 

30 .  00 

30 .  87 

4 

12 

43  U 

5.8 

251.4 

72 .  73 

38 .  00 

34 .  73 

6 

s'A 

4522 

4.2 

190.3 

53.34 

35  00 

18.34 

7 

12 

5284 

5    1 

270  0 

78 .  00 

42 .  (10 

36.00 

10 

8K 

6366 

4.2 

274 . 0 

75.51 

35.00 

40.51 

11 

11 

5476 

4  6 

252 . 3 

72 .  62 

40.00 

32 .  62 

12 

9 

4405 

5  0 

218.0 

67.05 

38.00 

29.05 

16 

11 

6568 

4.7 

313.2 

90.73 

40  00 

50.73 

17 

12 

6628 

4   1 

276.0 

80 .  05 

40  00 

40.05 

Total  amount  of  milk — r)'-2.31'2  pounds;  average  per  cow — 5083  pounds. 

Total  amount  of  butter  fat — 2953  pounds;  average  per  cow — i2(59  pounds. 

Total  gross  receipts — .$849.13;  average  per  cow — .$77.19. 

Total  cost  of  keep— $439;  average  per  cow— $39.00. 

Total  net  earnings — $4"20.12;  average  per  cow — $38.19. 

Returns  for  every  $1.00  spent  for  feed — $1.97. 

Average  test  of  herd — .0473. 

For  an  average  cow,  5000  to  7000  pounds  per  year  is  good  production.  When 
she  falls  below  5000  jjounds,  an  effort  should  be  made  to  increase  her  yield.  Then 
if  she  fails  to  produce  the  recpiired  amount,  she  should  be  sold  and  a  better  cow 
put  in  her  place.  It  does  not  pay  to  feed  a  boarder.  Cut  out  the  small  yield 
cows  as  fast  as  you  can  and  increase  the  average  of  your  good  cows.  You  should 
aim  for  7,000  pounders  at  the  very  least. 


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Why  You  Should  Own  a 
Cream  Separator 


If  you  are  a  dairyman  and  use  a  cream  separator,  you  sliould  be  in  a  position 
to  buy  an  automobile.  In  Iowa,  there  are  10,000  farmers  driving  automobiles. 
One  reason  why  they  own  automobiles  is  because  they  market  cream  every 
day.     The  sale  of  the  cream  nets  them  enough  money  to  keep  the  automobile. 

It  does  not  matter  whether  the  weather  is  fair  or  stormy,  the  market  for 
cream  is  always  good — prices  are  high  and  the  money  comes  in  regularly. 
This  is  made  possible  by  the  modern  cream  separator  because  it  saves  time, 
decreases  labor,  and  skims  milk  cleaner  than  any  other  known  process.  It 
obtains  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  milk — the  butter  fat.  The  separator 
not  only  gets  the  butter  fat,  makes  skim  milk  valua])le  for  feeding,  cuts 
down  the  cost  of  labor  and  increases  production,  but  it  eliminates  waste.  It  is 
the  best  known  method  to  get  butter  fat  out  of  milk.  You  are  paid  for  butter 
fat;  consequently,  the  method  which  gets  all  the  butter  fat  is  the  method  for 
you  to  use.  A  good  separator  will  save  $5  to  $15  per  cow  each  year  over 
other  methods,  sini])ly  because  it  gets  all  the  butter  fat  from  the  milk.  An 
efficient  cream  separator  will  not  only  pay  for  itself  in  a  short  time  but  it 
does  away  with  a  load  of  trouble — fewer  crocks  and  pans  have  to  be  filled. 
It  does  away  with  the  bother  of  hauling  whole  milk  to  the  creamery. 

It  has  been  shown  that  it  is  far  more  profitable  to  ship  one  can  of  cream  than 
ten  cans  of  whole  milk.  Skip  to  town  in  an  automobile  with  the  cream  and 
let  the  calves  or  hogs  drink  the  skim-milk.  You  will  realize  how  profitable 
it  is  when  you  sell  the  hogs  and  calves.  By  feeding  skim  milk  you  are  enabled 
to  sell  other  products  which  would  have  to  be  fed  and  profits  are  increased 
accordinglj'. 

Dairying  has  been  called  the  backbone  of  American  farming  and  the  cream 
separator  is  largely  responsible  for  it.  By  owning  a  good  cream  separator 
you  can  make  dairying  profitable  every  day  in  the  year. 


Page   Thirty' 


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■?!Ht1ll!l 


Why  You  Should  Own  a 
Dairymaid 

You  should  own  a  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  because  it  skims  close,  is 
easy  to  oiicrate,  easy  to  clean,  and  because  its  strong  construction  makes  the 
machine  durable  and  safe.  Every  machine  is  made  to  give  satisfaction. 
The  crank  is  the  right  height  to  turn  easily.  The  supply  can  is  also  the  right 
height  and  is  easy  to  fill. 

Another  reason  is  that  disks  are  used  in  the  bowl  which  divide  the  milk  into 
layers  and  causes  separation  to  take  place  more  quickly. 

To  obtain  strength  and  durability,  large  siiindles  are  used.     Because  the 
gears  are  accessible  and  at  the  same  time  milk  and  dust-proof,  80  per  cent 
of  the  trouble  common  to  most  separators  is  done  away  with  in  the  Dairymaid. 
The  frame  is  protected  by  pliosphor  bronze  bushings — not  brass  or  iron_ 
such  as  used  in  many  machines. 

Other  advantages  are  that  the  gear  wheels  are  made  of  steel  and  the  oiling 
system  is  the  most  efficient  put  in  any  separator.  No  repairing  of  the  bowl 
is  necessary  and  the  top  bearing  eliminates  vibration.  The  Dairymaid  is 
one  of  the  lowest  speed  machines  on  the  market  as  well  as  one  of  the  closest 
skimmers.  It  has  a  dirt  arrester  chamber  which  prevents  impurities  found 
in  milk  from  passing  over  the  disks,  hence  tlie  bowl  may  be  cleaned  easily. 

The  Dairymaid  has  large  spindles  to  increase  durability  and  a  two-piece 
bowl  spindle  to  prevent  vibrarion.  All  gears  are  accessiljle  for  cleaning  and 
being  cut  on  a  slant  will  outwear  those  placed  in  other  separators.  The  frame 
will  last  a  lifetime.  All  parts  are  interchangeable.  The  machine  is  light- 
running  because  of  the  superior  construction  of  the  gears  and  the  adjustment 
of  the  chain.     An  automatic  float  regulates  the  flow  of  the  milk  to  the  bowl. 

The  machine  is  equipped  with  the  best  tinware  than  can  possibly  be  made. 


Page   Thirty-One 


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"■■"'''I'lIillllMiillillliBilllillllIti  [IBinillllllilllSlllillllllliaiJHIlilllHIBB 


How  to  Take  Care  of  the  Dairymaid 

Keep  it  clean.  Set  it  level  so  that  there  will  be  no  vibration.  Try  a  spirit  level 
on  top  of  the  bowl  housing  to  be  sure  the  machine  has  maintained  the  original 
setting.  Flush  out  the  gears  occasionally  with  kerosene.  Follow  this  with  a 
thorough  oiling.  Handle  the  bowl  carefully.  Do  not  drop  it  or  place  it  on  a 
heated  stove  or  in  an  oven.  In  assembling  the  disks,  be  sure  to  put  them  on  the 
tubular  shaft  in  numerical  order  and  with  due  regard  to  the  position  of  the  slots. 
Do  not  force  a  disk  onto  the  shaft.  If  the  notch  in  the  disk  aligns  with  the  pin 
in  the  wing  of  the  tubular  shaft,  the  disk  should  drop  into  position.  If  the  cream 
becomes  too  thick  to  churn  easily,  or  so  thick  that  a  portion  is  forced  out  with  the 
skim-milk,  adjust  the  cream  screw  until  a  satisfactory  ciuality  of  cream  is  obtained. 
Take  the  bowl  all  apart  when  not  in  use.  Do  not  allow  it  to  stand  with  parts 
assembled,  as  it  will  gather  moisture  and  rust.  Set  all  the  tinware, and  bowl 
parts  out  in  the  sun  daily  if  possil)le,  to  keep  them  well  aired,  clean,  and  sweet. 
Use  good  separator  oil.  Avoid  heavy  gummy  oil.  Keep  the  chain  projjcrly 
adjusted. 


Trade-Mark 


:i  ill 


Every  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  is  stamped  with  the  IHC  trade-mark.  This 
means  that  each  machine  stands  on  its  own  merit,  that  it  is  made  of  the  very  best 
material,  and  that  high-class  workmen  have  constructed  it.  The  trade-mark 
also  means  than  each  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester  will  do  the  work  for  which  it  is 
intended.  The  IHC  trade-mark  is  placed  on  the  Dairymaid  Cream  Harvester 
for  your  protection  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that,  if  properly  used,  the  machine  will 
return  its  cost  price  to  you  many  times  over. 


lllllllllllllMiillliillllilllllll Billlllliiilliill ill Illllilll ■Ill 


TRADC 


MARK 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AM  ERICA 


( INCORPORATED ) 

CHICAGO      TL.T    S    A 


/ 


